Cases

Nominative -- subject of sentence, person doing the action.

Accusative - object, the thing/person at the receiving end.

Dative -- indirect object -- the thing/person to or for something is done.

Genitive -- possessive. With the words "the book of the boy" "the book" would be nominative and "of the boy" genitive.

I (nom) wrote a book (acc) and gave it (acc) to the boy (dat.) It is now his (genitive).


Nominative = subject of a verb
Accusative = direct object of a verb
Dative = indirect object of a verb
Genitive = possesive pronoun
Vocative = Asking someone directly
Ablative = a preposition